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An investigation of resistance of Musca domestica to commonly used insecticides in Wuhan, China, 2009-2015

CHEN Xiao-min, LIU Qin, ZHOU Liang-cai, WU Li-qun, BAO Ji-yong, WU Tai-ping

Abstract （263）

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Objective To investigate the insecticide resistance of Musca domestica in Wuhan, China, and to provide a scientific basis for rational use of insecticides. Methods During 2009-2015, wild M. domestica was collected from residential areas, farmers’ markets, and refuse transfer stations in four districts (Jiang'an, Jianghan, Hanyang, and Wuchang) in Wuhan; they were bred in the laboratory for 1-2 generations and then were tested for the median lethal dose (LD ₅₀) of seven commonly used insecticides using the micro-drip method; the resistance ratios were calculated and the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare the inter-population differences between different districts. Results The resistance ratios to DDVP, azamethiphos, chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin, cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, and tetramethrin of the M. domestica populations in the four districts in Wuhan were 11.26-20.72, 23.21-72.69, 49.28-108.20, 251.50-454.50, 66.85-129.24, 91.43-115.54, and 4.84-6.80, respectively. There were no statistical differences in the resistance to the seven insecticides between the M. domestica populations in the four districts (all P>0.05). Conclusion The M. domestica in Wuhan has intermediate resistance and low resistance (or sensitivity) to DDVP and tetramethrin, respectively, and has high resistance or extremely high resistance to azamethiphos, chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin, cypermethrin, and beta-cypermethrin; the levels of insecticide resistance are associated with the usage degree of insecticides and are affected by regions to a minor degree. Therefore, it is suggested to apply insecticides rationally in the future fly control in each district, thus delaying the development of insecticide resistance of M. domestica.

2021, 32 (4): 468-471. doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2021.04.017

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Emergency monitoring and control of rodents in South China Seafood Wholesale Market during COVID-19 epidemic

ZHOU Liang-cai, ZHOU Zhong-jin, WU Tai-ping, BAO Ji-yong, CHEN Xiao-min, WU Li-qun

Abstract （464）

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Objective To investigate the population, density, and distribution of rodents in South China Seafood Wholesale Market during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic through emergency monitoring in the early stage of epidemic, and to provide a basis for scientific rodent control and evaluation of deratization effect. Methods The night trapping method and the rodent trace method were used to monitor rodent density in January 2020. Results The night trapping method was performed four times and captured 51 Rattus norvegicus rats in total, with a mean capture rate of 3.15%, and the capture rates of the four times were 5.00%, 3.95%, 2.49%, and 1.22%, respectively. The rodent trace method was performed four times and detected a total of 9 rodent traces, with a mean route index of 1.73 traces/km, and the route indices of the four times were 3.85, 2.31, 0.77, and 0 traces/km, respectively. After emergency treatment, the reduction rate of rodent density was 75.60% for the night trapping method and 100% for the rodent trace method. Conclusion Emergency monitoring shows that R. norvegicus is extremely harmful in the South China Seafood Wholesale Market, and emergency treatment significantly reduced the density of rodents and thus provides a strong guarantee for the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic.

2020, 31 (5): 513-516. doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2020.05.002

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Current status of the invasion of vital vectors in 2017 in Wuhan, China: a cross-sectional study

ZHOU Liang-cai, WU Tai-ping, BAO Ji-yong, WU Li-qun, TANG Wei-feng

Abstract （316）

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Objective To investigate the current status of vectors infestation in the urban area of Wuhan, China, in 2017, and to provide a scientific basis for vector control and National Hygienic City construction. Methods From June to September, 2017, a field investigation was performed to evaluate the current status of the vectors infestation in different types of units (places). The rodent trace method was used for the survey of rodents; the path method and the larva dip method were used for the survey of mosquitoes; visual observation was used for the survey of flies and cockroaches, and of the investigation of facilities for the prevention of rodents and flies. Results The total positive rate of indoor rodent density was 10.1%, the total failure rate of rodent-poof facilities was 17.2%, and the total path index of outdoor rodent density was 3.4. The total path index of water in small containers was 4.3, and the total dip index of large and medium waters was 5.8%. The density of mosquito larvae per positive dip was 5.5. The total positive rate of indoor adult flies was 7.3%; the total failure rate of fly-poof facilities was 14.0%; the total positive rate of fly breeding sites was 3.0%. The total invasion rate of indoor adult nymphae was 4.1%; the total positive rate of oothecae was 1.2%; the total positive rate of cockroach trace was 4.6%. Conclusion The current status of the vectors infestation in different types of units (places) of Wuhan obtained in this investigation provides background data for effective vector control and the consolidation of National Hygienic City in the future.

2019, 30 (1): 95-99. doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2019.01.023

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Investigation of breeding situation of flies in different environments in Wuhan, 2016

ZHOU Liang-cai, BAO Ji-yong, WU Li-qun, CHEN Xiao-min

Abstract （267）

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Objective To investigate the breeding situation of flies in different environments in Wuhan and to provide scientific evidence for fly control. Methods To investigate the breeding situation of flies in different environment in Wuhan from May to October 2016 by visual method. The fly larval breeding rates between different months were compared with χ ² test. Results A total of 5 094 breeding sites were found, and there were 320 fly larval breeding sites, with a mean fly larval breeding rate of 6.3%. The fly larval breeding rate in different environs ranged from 0 to 16.8%. In the demolition site, the fly larval breeding rate was the highest, accounted for 16.8%, followed by the refuse transfer station 13.5%, the public greenbelt 12.9%, the construction site 12.6%, the railway line 12.4%, the farm produce market 8.9%, the real estate district 7.9%. The breeding rate of fly larvae in food processing plants was the lowest, i.e. 0. The fly larval breeding rate in May was the highest, accounted for 7.8%, and lowest in October, accounted for 5.7% ( χ ²=2.967, P=0.085). Conclusion To master the breeding situation of flies in different environments of each type of habitat in Wuhan city, to provide good background information for the prevention and control of flies in the future, as well as disease vector management in hygienic city campaign.

2018, 29 (6): 645-647. doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.06.025

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Investigation on insecticide resistance of Musca domestica from different habitats against five insecticides in Wuhan city

CHEN Xiao-min, WU Li-qun, BAO Ji-yong, ZHOU Liang-cai

Abstract （310）

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Objective To investigate the current insecticide resistance situation of Musca domestica in different habitats in Wuhan, to provide scientific basis for rational application of insecticides and effective control. Methods The micro-drop method was applied to test medium lethal dose (LD ₅₀) of 3-4 day old female M. domestica to pesticides. Kruskal-Wallis H Rank Sum Test and Mann-Whitney U Rank Sum Test were used for statistical significance analysis. Results In residential areas, farmers' markets and refuse transfer stations, M. domestica showed high resistance to cypermethrin, deltamethrin and methylpyridine. The LD ₅₀ of the M. domestica ranged from 0.095 to 0.685 μg per fly, and resistance ratios were 26.36 to 710.00-fold, there was no significant difference ( χ ²=0.007, 0.284, 1.280, 0.152, P=0.996, 0.868, 0.527, 0.927). Musca domestica in residential areas and farmers' markets showed low resistance to amethrin, while M. domestica in refuse transfer stations were susceptible to cypermethrin, with statistical significance ( χ ²=6.292, P=0.047). The results showed that the resistance level of M. domestica to cypermethrin in refuse transfer station was significantly lower than that in residential area ( U=8.000, P=0.033) and farmers market ( U=7.500, P=0.028), but there was no significant difference between residential area and farmer market ( U=24.000, P=0.949). Conclusion The M. domestica strains in three different habitats in Wuhan demonstrated high resistance to beta-cypermethrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin and azamethiphos, to which the difference among the susceptibility of the M. domestica strains from three different habitats was detected. Therefore, it is suggested to take integrated control measures and apply insecticides scientifically and rationally to avoid the development of pesticide resistance in M. domestica.

2018, 29 (5): 469-471. doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.05.012

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Investigation of breeding situation of mosquito larvae in urban area of Wuhan city, China

ZHOU Liang-cai, BAO Ji-yong, CHEN Xiao-min, LIU Jing, ZHU Jun-sheng

Abstract （259）

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Objective To investigate the breeding situation of mosquito larvae in the urban area of Wuhan city, China and to provide scientific evidence for mosquito control. Methods To investigate the breeding situation of mosquito larvae in 16 different areas of Wuhan city from May to October 2016. Direct observation was used to investigate the breeding of mosquitoes in small collected waters and containers, and visual observation combined with dip sampling were used to investigate the breeding of mosquitoes in large and medium-sized water bodies. The positive rate of small collected water between different months was compared with χ ² test(Bonferroni correction in group), and P < 0.05 was statistically significant. Results A total of 1 527 positive sites were found in 7 789 small collected waters and containers, with a mean positive rate of 19.6%(7.0%-31.4%). Governmental agencies, enterprises and institutions accounted for the most of the total number of the aquatic habitats of 14.7%(11 47/7 789); In the window unit, the positive rate was the highest, accounted for 31.4%; the positive rate in June was the highest, accounted for 25.7% and lowest in October, accounted for 10.3%( χ ²=109.097, P < 0.001). The mean positive rate was 12.2% in the large and medium-sized water bodies, such as square fountains, park landscape waters, sewage ditches. Conclusion The mosquito breeding situation of different types of units (places) in different districts of Wuhan city is basically ascertained, which provides the background information for the accurate mosquito control work in the future.

2018, 29 (2): 197-199. doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.02.022

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Study on the trend of insecticide resistance of Musca domestica in Wuhan

ZHOU Liang-cai, BAO Ji-yong, CHEN Xiao-min, LIU Jing, ZHU Jun-sheng

Abstract （284）

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Objective To investigate the insecticide resistance of Musca domestica in recent years to several common insecticides in Wuhan city, China, and to provide a scientific basis for the control of flies. Methods Musca domestica was collected in the urban area of Wuhan city and raised in the laboratory for 1-2 generations. WHO-recommended topical application for housefly was used to test medium lethal dose of M. domestica in 3-4 days. Results The LD ₅₀ of DDVP, azamethiphos chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin and beta cypermethrin was 0.854 2, 0.317 4, 0.319 7, 0.278 5, 1.168 5 μg/♀, respectively, increased by 5.1, 1.1, 0.6, 4.2, and 4.6 times compared with the resistance monitoring data in 2009. Conclusion In Wuhan city, the field monitoring of M. domestica on insecticide resistance level indicated an increasing trend. It was necessary to apply integrated measures and use insecticides scientifically in controlling M. domestica.

2017, 28 (5): 502-504. doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.05.026

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Investigation on resistance of Aedes albopictus to five insecticides in Wuhan city

ZHOU Liang-cai, BAO Ji-yong, WU Xue-sheng, CHEN Xiao-min, ZHU Jun-sheng

Abstract （274）

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Objective To investigate the resistance of Aedes albopictus to five insecticides and provide evidence for rational application of insecticides.Methods WHO-recommended larva dipping method was used to test medium lethal concentration of the larvae at their fourth instar in this test, exposed to the five commonly used inseticides and to assess the levels of resistance in Ae. albopictus. Results The LC₅₀ of abate, deltamethrin, betacypermethri, and fenobucarb was 0.001 3, 0.001 4, 0.005 1, and 1.568 5 mg/L. The average resistance was 4.3, 1.4, 2.4, and 1.0 fold. Resistance to acetofenat was so high, beyond the test range. Conclusion In Wuhan city, the field monitoring of Ae. albopictus on insecticide resistance is crucial for the prevention and control of dengue fever. It was necessary to apply integrated measures and use insecticides scientifically in controlling Ae. albopictus.

2017, 28 (2): 185-187. doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.02.025

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Quality control on pest management services for the external environment in Wuhan city

ZHOU Liang-cai, SHI Wei, NI Tao, BAO Ji-yong, CHEN Xiao-min, ZHU Jun-sheng

Abstract （250）

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Objective To investigate the influencing factors of quality control on pest management services for the external environment, provide evidence to improve the service quality of pest control. Methods The performance of pest control in the external environment of community throughout the city that pest control operation(PCO)companies contracted with was evaluated by a project supervision panel through public bidding, as the third party specialist agency, and on a commission basis by Office of Patriotic Health Movement of Wuhan according to its internal supervision scheme. Results The results of evaluation on the performance of pest control in 712 to 1 006 community units in external environment that PCO companies contracted with from 2010 to 2014 were obtained. The five years'rodent density of extending 2 000 m was ≤2.30, Path index of mosquito larvae and pupae ≤0.73, and the positive rate of cockroach adults and nymphs indoor ≤1.63％, the positive rate of fly larvae and pupae ≤8.91%. The results met the required standards set forth by the National Patriotic Health Campaign Committee. Conclusion Through the supervising evaluation campaign, the quality of pest control in PCO companies was improved, the density of the four pests in the external environment of community of Wuhan city declined, the wellbeing of the residents was enhanced. Suggestions for improvement of the common issues found during the supervising evaluation process were made.

2016, 27 (4): 404-406. doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2016.04.025

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Investigation on resistance of Blattella germanica against five insecticides in Wuhan

ZHOU Liang-cai, LIU Xiao-quan, BAO Ji-yong, CHEN Xiao-min, ZHU Jun-sheng

Abstract （304）

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Objective To investigate the resistance of Blattella germanica against five insecticides and customize future application of insecticides.Methods The B. germanica used in this study were the first filial generation (F1 generation 1). The insecticide film method recommended by the World Health Organization was used to determine the median knock-down time (KT₅₀) and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (95%CI), knock-down rate, and mortality rate of B. germanica exposed to the five commonly used insecticides and to assess the levels of resistance of B. germanica. Results The average resistance of B. germanica strains from Hankou, Hanyang and Wuchang against propoxur, ehlorpyrifos, betacypermethri and azamethiphos was 1.4-2.2, 1.5-1.7, 2.8-3.1, 2.5-2.9 fold. Its resistance against tetramethrin was beyond the test range. Conclusion It was advised to apply integrated control measures and use insecticides strategically in controlling B. germanica.

2016, 27 (1): 75-76. doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.4692.2016.01.024

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Community-based survey of rodent control awareness in Wuhan, China

ZHOU Liang-cai, WU Tai-ping, LIANG Jian-sheng, BAO Ji-yong, CHEN Xiao-min, ZHU Jun-sheng

Abstract （278）

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Objective To investigate the awareness rate of rodent control, deratization willingness, and source of related knowledge among community residents in Wuhan, China, to launch various forms of intervention activities and search for effective models and methods for promoting rodent control awareness in community and to evaluate the effect, and to provide a basis for the development of appropriate community-based rodent control measures. Methods Four neighborhoods were selected from Jiang’an and Jianghan districts of Wuhan. With a stratified cluster sampling method, one or two communities were selected from each neighborhood. All of the 7 communities were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. KAP questionnaire survey was performed among community residents aged 18 and above. Results The satisfaction rate for rodent control in 2011 was 90.0% among experimental communities, which was significantly higher than that in control communities (29.2%) (χ2＝ 109.601, P＜0.01). Among residents in experimental communities, 15% found rodents in their house, while in control communities the percentage was 59.4%. The awareness rate of rodent control and related information was significantly higher in experimental communities than in control communities (P＜0.05). For the questionnaire, differences in awareness rates between the two groups were significant in most items, but not so significant in others. Of residents in all communities, 78.8% were willing to spend less than 5 yuan on rodenticides and traps, while 47.5% would reject rodent prevention service even for free. Conclusion Long-term targeted promotion and education in multiple ways are needed in rodent control among communities. This survey will provide effective guidance for future rodent control in Wuhan.

2014, 25 (5): 470-473. doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.4692.2014.05.024

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Study on intervention effect of health education on rodent control in community

ZHOU Liang-cai, WU Tai-ping, LIANG Jian-sheng, BAO Ji-yong, TIAN Jun-hua, CHEN Xiao-min

Abstract （394）

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Objective To perform various forms of intervention, investigate the effective model and method of health education for rodent control in community, and evaluate the intervention effect, and to provide a basis for proper education measures for rodent control in community. Methods One or two communities were selected from each of 4 subdistricts in Jiang'an district and Jiang'han district of Wuhan, China by stratified cluster sampling; 7 communities were selected, and the residents in the 7 communities were divided into experimental group and control group. The individuals above 18 years of age were selected from each group to undergo knowledge-attitude-practice questionnaire survey. Various health intervention measures were performed on the experimental group. The intervention effect was evaluated by comparison. Results In the experimental group, the proportion of residents with the knowledge of rodent control and related information increased after intervention (P<0.05), and the changes were significant in terms of most items in the questionnaire (P<0.05). The density of rodents, as measured by night trapping method, were 4.5% before intervention and 0.8% after intervention (P<0.01). Conclusion During rodent control in community, various health education activities, as well as management for public environment and active cooperation between people in community, can increase the knowledge of rodent control among residents and in turn improve the effect of rodent control.

2013, 24 (4): 336-339. doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.4692.2013.04.016

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One newly recorded genus and four newly recorded species of Ixodidae in Hubei province, China

TIAN Jun-hua, ZHOU Dun-jin, WU Tai-ping, LI Hua-gang, CHEN Xiao-min, BAO Ji-yong, ZHOU Liang-cai, ZHANG Yong-zhen

Abstract （421）

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In this paper, one newly recorded genus, Amblyomma, and four newly recorded species, A. testudinarium, Haemaphysalis phasiana, H. hystricis, and Ixodes sinensis, are summarized. The genus and species belong to Ixodidae and are distributed in Hubei province, China. Their specimens are preserved in the Insect Collections, Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention.

2013, 24 (2): 155-156.

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Resistance of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus larve to five kindsof insecticides in Wuhan

ZHOU Liang-cai, WU Xue-sheng, BAO Ji-yong, WU Tai-ping, CHEN Xiao-min, ZHU Jun-sheng

Abstract （647）

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Objective To investigate the resistance of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus larve to five insecticides and provide evidence for scientific application of insecticides. Methods WHO - recommended Larva dipping method was used to test medium lethal concentration of the larva at their fourth instar in this test. Results The strains had developed different degrees of resistance to tested insecticides except fenobucarb (R/S<1) from Wuchang, Qingshan and Jiangan districts, where the corresponding resistant coefficients to cypermethrin were 59.3, 27.3 and 64.0, to high effect cypermethrin 3.8, 2.8 and 3.8, to acetofenat 5.5, 4.4, 6.1, to deltamethrin 6.7, 9.9, 6.7, and to fenobucarb all less than 1. Conclusion It was necessary to apply integrated measures and use insecticides scientifically in controlling mosquitoes．

2012, 23 (5): 477-478.

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Rodent control of sewers in urban residential areas of Wuhan city

WU Tai-Ping, ZHOU Liang-Cai, BAO Ji-Yong, TAO Zhen-Guo, XIAO Jian-Qiu, TIAN Jun-Hua

Abstract （1320）

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【Abstract】 Objective To study the technique to control rodents in sewers of urban residential areas. Methods Contrast experiment was done in urban residential areas of Wuhan city. Wax block baits was hanged in the sewers according to operating instruction for 6 weeks in the tested areas, while no control measure was taken in the control. The infestation rate of rodents was investigated in the sewer before and after taking control measure. Results The average rodent density was 68.5% in the tested areas and control areas before controlling, however, that in the tested areas reached 96.4% after control for 6 weeks, and the relative population index was 3.1. Conclusion It is effective to control rodent according to the operational instruction in the residential areas.

2009, 20 (2): 163-164.

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Survey on monitoring of vector in Wuhan,2006

TIAN Jun-hua; WU Tai-ping; HUANG Xing; BAO Ji-yong; ZHOU Liang-cai

Abstract （1531）

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Objective To provide scientific data for vector control after investigating its community structure and seasonal fluctuation in Wuhan,2006. Methods Mouse trap, light trap, cage trap and oach glue trap were used to catch rodents, mosquitoes, flies and cockroaches respectively. Results The rodents were identified as 3 species of 2 genera, 1 family and Rattus norvegicus and R.flavipectus were dominant species and occupied 40.8% and 39.4% respectively. The mosquitoes were identified as 5 species, 4 genera, 1 family and the dominant species, Cluex pipiens quinquefasciatus, occupied 68.4%. The flies belonged to 5 species of 5 genera, 3 families. Musca domestica was dominant species and occupied 67.8%. The cockroach were identified as 3 species of 2 genera, 1 family and Blattella germanica was dominant species and occupied 89.8%. Rodents and cockcoaches were active throughout the year and seasonality was unconspicuous. Seasonality of mosquitoes and flies was obvious. The active peak of mosquitoes are on June while flies have two active peaks on May and November respectively of which the higher is on May. Conclusion The community structure and seasonal fluctuation of vector were preliminary known.